International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Management - Essay Example With exceptionally refined foundations, Bahrain is a quickly creating market in the Middle East. The nation has a solid government with modern viewpoints which has added to the molding of the country as a profoundly developed economy (Dew 2002). There are huge quantities of advancement adventures in progress everywhere throughout the nation which renders the chance to extend to Bahrain very satisfying. The nation gives different supportive gestures to the chance of growing to Bahrain (Dew 2002). As a result of its vital position, a few worldwide organizations have extended to Bahrain like Nomura Investment Banking, American Express, Citicorp, and so forth (Sohail 2005). The goal of this exposition is to investigate the (1) physical and cultural elements, (2) serious elements, (3) targets, and (4) techniques and means as they identify with the development of money related foundations to Bahrain, which in this paper will be The Hong kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC). HSBC ha s its principle office in London, and it is one of the major money related establishments on the planet. HSBC, much the same as other worldwide organizations, are picking up from prospering business in the Middle East ( However, development for HSBC has been assailed with troubles. The organization needs to manage outside variables, for example, those referenced above, in their interest for effective development. Physical and Societal Factors The coarse outskirts of Bahrain is described by a unique social area and complex framework. Since 1971, the period it picked up its freedom from the UK, Bahrain has developed into a well off, dynamic country that embraces the association of its way of life with its mission for thriving (Gillespie and Gritzner 2002). These days, the nation attempts to fabricate a further developed state which esteems and unions now is the right time respected social practices (Dew 2002). Picking up information and comprehending this remarkable culture and its re lated business customs is basic to the achievement of extension plan of HSBC to Bahrain. A portion of the elements that the administration of HSBC should consider are the business-related social acts of Bahrainis. For example, the general public of Bahrain is profoundly rule-slanted with laws, approaches, and other control frameworks set up to reduce the frailty and put in power the authority of pioneers (Dew 2002). This very unbending various leveled structure is encapsulated in the recommended specialized technique for everyone of Bahrain. The utilization of recommended welcome and qualifications or titles is significant (Dew 2002). For example, when an individual enters an office just because, s/he should warmly greet the most noteworthy positioning official first utilizing their specific qualifications. This data is crucial to the HR the board of HSBC. Serious Factors The financial segment in Bahrain is considered as one of the most serious in the Middle East. The administration enthusiastically and expressly looks for outside speculations and perspectives them as urgent to the country’s financial achievement (Laulajainen 2003). Banking and money related associations in Bahrain are engaged with a conventional business condition and exchange arranged culture that flourishes from the outside speculations (Chiline 2002). The corporate financial culture in Bahrain invites outside organizations excitedly and pulls in remote

Pompeii - Archaeology of the Famous Roman Tragedy

Pompeii - Archeology of the Famous Roman Tragedy Pompeii is ostensibly the most well known archeological site on the planet. There has never been a site also saved, as reminiscent, or as important as that of Pompeii, the rich hotel for the Roman Empire, which was covered alongside its sister urban communities of Stabiae and Herculaneum under the debris and magma ejected from Mount Vesuvius throughout the fall of 79 AD. Pompeii is situated in the territory of Italy referred to, at that point as now, as Campania. The region of Pompeii was first involved during the Middle Neolithic, and by the sixth century BC, it went under the standard of the Etruscans. The citys sources and the first name are obscure, nor are we clear on the succession of pilgrims there, yet it appears to be evident that Etruscans, Greeks, Oscans, and Samnites contended to involve the land preceding the Roman victory. The Roman occupation started in the fourth century BC, and the town arrived at its prime when the Romans transformed it into an ocean side hotel, starting 81 BC. Pompeii as a Thriving Community At the hour of its devastation, Pompeii was a flourishing business port at the mouth of the Sarno River in southwestern Italy, on the southern flank of Mount Vesuvius. Pompeiis known buildingsand there are numerous that were saved under the mud and ashfallinclude a Roman basilica, constructed ca 130-120 BC, and an amphitheater fabricated around 80 BC. The gathering contained a few sanctuaries; the roads included lodgings, food merchants and other eating places, a reason assembled lupanar, and different massage parlors, and gardens inside the city dividers. Be that as it may, presumably of most fascinationâ to us today are the investigate private homes, and the spooky negative pictures of human bodies trapped in the ejection: the express humanness of the catastrophe seen at Pompeii. Dating the Eruption and an Eyewitness Romans viewed the awesome ejection of Mt. Vesuvius, numerous from a protected separation, yet one early naturalist named Pliny (the Elder) viewed while he cleared evacuees on the Roman warships under his charge. Pliny was executed during the ejection, however his nephew (called Pliny the Younger), viewing the emission from Misenum around 30 kilometers (18 miles) away, endure and expounded on the occasions in letters that structure the premise of our observer information about it. The conventional date of the ejection is August 24th, expected to have been the date revealed in Pliny the Youngers letters, however as ahead of schedule as 1797, the classicist Carlo Maria Rosini scrutinized the date based on the remaining parts of fall organic products he discovered protected at the site, for example, chestnuts, pomegranates, figs, raisins, and pine cones. An ongoing investigation of the circulation of the breeze blown debris at Pompeii (Rolandi and associates) likewise underpins a fall date: the examples shows that common breezes blew from a course generally predominant in the fall. Further, a silver coin found with a casualty in Pompeii was struck after September eighth, AD 79. On the off chance that just Plinys original copy had endure! Tragically, we just have duplicates. Its conceivable that a scribal mistake sneaked in with respect to the date: arranging all the information together, Rolandi and partners (2008) propose a date of October 24th for the emission of the spring of gushing lava. Antiquarianism The unearthings at Pompeii are a significant watershed throughout the entire existence of antiquarianism, as it was among the most punctual of archeological unearthings, burrowed into by the Bourbon leaders of Naples and Palermo starting in the fall of 1738. The Bourbons attempted full-scale unearthings in 1748much to the late trouble of current archeologists who might have favored they hold up until better strategies were accessible. Of the numerous archeologists related with Pompeii and Herculaneum are pioneers of the field Karl Weber, Johann-Joachim Winckelmann, and Guiseppe Fiorelli; a group was sent to Pompeii by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who had aâ fascination with archaic exploration and was liable for the Rosetta stoneâ ending up in the British Museum.â Present day look into at the site and others influenced by the 79 Vesuvian emission was led by the Anglo-American Project in Pompeii, drove by Rick Jones at the University of Bradford, with associates at Stanford and the University of Oxford. A few field schools were led at Pompeii somewhere in the range of 1995 and 2006, for the most part focusing on the segment known as Regio VI. A lot more segments of the city remain unexcavated, left for future researchers with improved procedures. Earthenware at Pompeii Earthenware was consistently a significant component of Roman culture and it has figured in a considerable lot of the cutting edge investigations of Pompeii. As per ongoing exploration (Peã ±a and McCallum 2009), slender walled ceramics flatware and lights were made somewhere else and brought into the city to sell. Amphorae were utilized to pack products, for example, garum and wine and they also were acquired to Pompeii. That makes Pompeii to some degree odd among Roman urban areas, in that the biggest part of their ceramics was delivered outside its city dividers. A pottery works called the Via Lepanto was found simply outside the dividers on the Nuceria-Pompeii street. Grifa and partners (2013) report that the workshop was remade after the AD 79 ejection, and kept on delivering red-painted and shined flatwares up until the Vesuvius emission of 472. The red-slipped silverware called land sigillata was found in various areas in and around Pompeii and utilizing petrographic and natural follow examination of 1,089 sherds, McKenzie-Clark (2011) inferred that everything except 23 were produced in Italy, representing 97% of the all out explored. Scarpelli et al. (2014) found that dark slips on Vesuvian ceramics were made of ferrous materials, comprising of at least one of magnetite, hercynite as well as hematite. Since the conclusion of the unearthings at Pompeii in 2006, analysts have been caught up with distributing their outcomes. Here are a couple of the latest ones, yet there are numerous others: In Benefiels (2010) investigation of spray painting on the dividers of the House of Maius Castricius is reported a few bits of chiseled sentimental spray painting in various zones of the house. A discussion of 11 spray painting engraved in a flight of stairs gives off an impression of being an abstract and sentimental discussion between two people. The vast majority of the lines are unique sentimental verse or plays on known writings, masterminded vertically in two sections. Benefiel says the Latin lines indicate a sort of one-up-man-transport between at least two people.Piovesan and associates considered paints and shades at Pompeiis Temple of Venus, recognizing a scope of wall painting hues produced using the regular earth, minerals, and a couple of uncommon fake pigmentsblack, yellow, red and earthy colored ochre, cinnabar, Egyptian blue, green earth (for the most part celadonite or glauconite) and white calcite.Cova (2015) provides details regarding the alaearchitectural wingsin numerous houses in the segment of Pompeii known as Regio VI, and how the size and state of the alae may reflect financial changes in the Late Republic/Early Empire period. Miiello et al (2010) researched development stages in Regio VI by the varieties of mortar. Astrid Lundgren at the University of Oslo distributed her exposition on Pompeii in 2014, concentrating on male sexuality and prostitution; Severy-Hoven is another researcher exploring the mind boggling abundance of erotica found at Pompeii.Murphy et al. (2013) took a gander at middens (trash dumps) and had the option to recognize proof that the waste is fundamentally kitchen food readiness of olives, grapes, figs, grains, and heartbeats. Be that as it may, they discovered little proof for crop-preparing, proposing that the food was handled outside of the city before being brought to advertise. Sources This article is a piece of the About.com Dictionary of Archeology: Ball LF, and Dobbins JJ. 2013. Pompeii Forum Project: Current Thinking on the Pompeii Forum. American Journal of Archeology 117(3):461-492.Benefiel RR. 2010. Exchanges of Ancient Graffiti in the House of Maius Castricius in Pompeii. American Journal of Archeology 114(1):59-101.Cova E. 2015. Balance and Change in Roman Domestic Space: The Alae of Pompeiis Regio VI. American Journal of Archeology 119(1):69-102.Grifa C, De Bonis A, Langella A, Mercurio M, Soricelli G, and Morra V. 2013. A Late Roman artistic creation from Pompeii. Diary of Archeological Science 40(2):810-826.Lundgren AK. 2014. The Pastime of Venus: An archeological examination of male sexuality and protitution in Pompeii. Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo.McKenzie-Clark J. 2012. The gracefully of Campanian-made sigillata to the city of Pompeii. Archaeometry 54(5):796-820.Miriello D, Barca D, Bloise A, Ciarallo A, Crisci GM, De Rose T, Gattuso C, Gazineo F, and La Russa MF. 2010. Characterisation of archeological mortars from Pompeii (Campania, Italy) and ID of development stages by compositional information examination. Diary of Archeological Science 37(9):2207-2223. Murphy C, Thompson G, and Fuller D. 2013. Roman food decline: urban archaeobotany in Pompeii, Regio VI, Insula 1. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22(5):409-419.Peà ±a JT, and McCallum M. 2009. The Production and Distribution of Pottery at Pompeii: A Review of the Evidence; Part 2, The Material Basis for Production and Distribution. American Journal of Archeology 113(2):165-201.Piovesan R, Siddall R, Mazzoli C, and Nodari L. 2011. The Temple of Venus (Pompeii): an investigation of the colors and painting procedures. Diary of Archeological Science 38(10):2633-2643.Rolandi G, Paone A, Di Lascio M, and Stefani G. 2008. The 79 AD emission of Somma: The connection between the date of the ejection and the southeast tephra scattering. Diary of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 169(1â€2):87-98.Scarpelli R, Clark RJH, and De Francesco AM. 2014. Archaeometric investigation of dark covered ceramics from Pompeii by various explanatory strategies. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecul

Deferred Early Decision with No Backup Plan TKG

Deferred Early Decision with No Backup Plan Before we get into the specifics of the next steps, let’s discuss what being deferred actually means. A lot of students think that colleges defer them “to be nice” or “to not hurt your feelings.” This is not something that colleges do. When you are deferred, you are put into the regular decision pool of applicants. It means that the school wants to see how your application will hold up once everyone else applies.  But let’s face it, being deferred is tough. It puts students in an uncomfortable holding pattern during which they’re forced to half-heartedly consider new options while still holding out hope for their #1 school.  So, what’s the best thing to do once you’ve gotten deferred? Tell yourself that you aren’t getting in. Pretend that your dream school does not exist, or else you will be comparing all of the new additions to your list to a school that might ultimately reject you. It’s the only way that you’ll be able to truly focus on what needs to be do ne â€" and a lot needs to be done. Friendly reminder: it’s going to be okay. A deferral is not the end of the world. It might, however, be the end of your winter break social life if you don’t take the necessary steps to get on track with the rest of your regular decision applications right away. Here’s what you should do: 1.       Figure out where else you want to apply:  Get back to basics. Look at your test scores, grades, and extracurricular activities. You’re going to want to create a balanced list, which means that you need target, reach, and safety schools. Focus on the aspects of your dream school that you liked best, and see where else you can find those things. Look into specific programs, locations, and research opportunities that are similar to those at the school you were deferred from. And most importantly, be open during this process. A negative headspace will not help you here. Take the time to explore new opportunities, and you never know what you might find .  2.       Revisit your common app essay:Again, rough, but it might be a necessary evil. Every part of your college application should introduce a new aspect of yourself and your personality. We are not suggesting that you do a complete rewrite, rather evaluate what you have and make sure that you’re honing in on what’s most important. We’ve worked with TKG clients and have done massive rewrites, and we’ve also slightly tweaked certain essays. If you wrote your common app essay about an extracurricular activity (or anything else that appears elsewhere on your application,) then you are in the rewrite boat. We only have so many chances to tell colleges who we really are, so don’t double down on anything. 3.       Make your way through the supplements:The first thing you should do is write down all of the deadlines and then create a plan of attack. And stick to it. Next, figure out how you can streamline the process by looking for overlap in the supplements. Write out your origin story, which is a short story about the impetus of your academic interests. A lot of schools ask about activities or work experiences, so pick one and use that answer where you can. Under no circumstance should you skimp on the research process of the “Why X School” supplement, and you should never simply copy and paste. But work smarter, not harder. 4.       Send a deferral package to your ED school in January or February.  Remember we told you to forget that your ED school exists? For this step, they are coming back into play. But here’s something important: this is a step that you should take ONLY IF you are still interested in the school (meaning that it’s still #1 on your list) and if you have taken actionable steps that would make you a stronger candidate. If both aren’t true for you, you’re wasting your time and the time of the admissions team. Students that are ultimately accepted after being deferred have continued doing all of their extracurricular acti vities and more. They have taken them to the next level and improved (or at least maintained) their grades. Perhaps they have taken on something of more magnitude that builds onto their existing application. If this applies to you, you should send them a deferral package. It’s a letter, and in that letter, you should reintroduce yourself to the admissions committee and remind them that X school is still your top choice. Tell them (again) why you want to go there, and it should be extremely specific. Do not include basic things such as weather and culture of the school, your list should include classes, professors, and research opportunities. You should also include your updated transcript and write about what you’ve accomplished since being deferred. Lastly, you might also include an additional letter of recommendation. But again, this is a step that you should only take after carefully considering whether or not X school (deferral school) is still your top choice. We realize th is is a lot to accomplish in a short amount of time, but it has to be done. Think of it as a very necessary (yet stressful and time-consuming) step that will hugely impact your future. Before you start, take a day off and come back regrouped and recharged.  We work with students who need help creating backup plans that they’re excited about. Contact us here if you’d like to work with someone one on one.

General Pricing Approach - 1085 Words

4. General Pricing approach. Value based pricing, everyday low pricing (EDLP) and high-low pricing. Value based pricing Source:http://www.smallbusinessnotes.com/operating/marketing/pricing/valuebased.htmlHow high can a price be before the product or service is priced out of the market?To understand the customer s perception of the value of your product or service, look at more subjective criteria such as customer preferences, product benefits, convenience, product quality, company image and alternative products offered by the competition. * How do your customers describe what they get for their money? * Do they save a great deal of money or time by purchasing your product or service? * Do they gain a competitive advantage from†¦show more content†¦1. What type of market are you in? Only retailers that offer similar products and are in competitive markets are forced to make this discounting strategy choice. For example, pricing is a key differentiator of retailers selling homogenous products – price is important in a market where two similar grocery stores, located a mile or two a part, sell the same products. Retailers in this market environment have to adopt an EDLP or Hi-Lo pricing strategy. In contrast, Whole Foods (or as my sister prefers to call it, â€Å"Whole Paycheck†) offers a differentiated product (natural and organic foods). And while Whole Foods runs occasional specials, discounting is not a primary component of its retail strategy. 2. Are your customers price sensitive? Convenience stores like 7-Eleven, even those located close to discount grocery stores (selling the same products at a significant discount), often cater to less price sensitive customers. If your customers are not price sensitive, there’s less of a need to adopt an EDLP or Hi-Lo pricing strategy. 3. Do you have a cost advantage? If you are going with an EDLP strategy, it’d be helpful to posses a cost advantage. There should be a measurable difference between your EDLP price and a Hi-Lo retailer’s â€Å"Hi† price. Wal-Mart is a classic exam ple of a retailer with lower costs relative to its competitors. 4. Who are your customers? Are yourShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis : Pricing Decisions1088 Words   |  5 PagesPricing †¢ Reports used for pricing decisions were, market update, industry outlook, pricing report, conjoint analysis, test market, decision criteria, tradeoff report and mfr. sales report †¢ Customer willingness to pay was crucial in the decision making †¢ For Allround, after period 1, it was decided to keep the price constant at $5.49 based on customer perception and the conjoint analysis. Also, during initial replays, effort to increase the price resulted in significant dip in net income and stockRead MoreEvaluation of Various Numerical Methods for Option Pricing Model638 Words   |  3 Pagesadvantage of the other. Hence, numerical methods are needed for pricing options in cases where analytic solutions are either unavailable or not easily computable. The subject of numerical methods in option pricing is very broad. A wide range of contracts exist and in many cases several models can be applied in the valuation. Although the option valuation has been studied at least since nineteenth century, the contemporary approach is based on the Black-Scholes model which was first published inRead MorePricing Strategies of Itc1297 Words   |  6 PagesPricing Strategy ITC Foods Business Division (Staples) The FMCG RETAIL Pricing Strategy UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS FMCG Pricing Strategy is now a critical element of the management mix. Old school management responsibilities of Sales owning the trade spend budget and customer negotiations with marketing owning the Recommend Retail Price do not work in today s information driven age. Retail sales volume is now 80% controlled by 2-3 chains with a scatteringRead MoreChoosing the Wrong Pricing Strategy1677 Words   |  7 PagesChoosing the Wrong Pricing Strategy Can Be a Costly Mistake: Knowledge@Wharton (http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=792) Choosing the Wrong Pricing Strategy Can Be a Costly Mistake Published : June 04, 2003 in Knowledge@Wharton Prices have been at the center of human interaction ever since traders in ancient Mesopotamia -- our modern-day Iraq -- began keeping records. Who doesn’t love to guess what something costs – or argue about what something ought to cost? So itRead MoreManagement Accounting - Setting Prices1709 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor influences on pricing decisions Customer Demand: the demands of customers are of paramount importance in all phases of business operations, from the design of a product to the setting of its price. Product-design issues and pricing considerations are interrelated, so they must be examined simultaneously. For example, for a higher quality product; you need higher quality materials which will affect a higher cost and needs more time and this will lead to a higher pricing on a product. AlsoRead MoreCase Study : Hospitality And Tourism Management1255 Words   |  6 Pages Zhen, Emily Hospitality Tourism Management Sales Marketing Pricing Utilizing Distribution Channels The key external areas crucial in pricing decisions not only include different types of markets, consumer price sensitivity, and pricing strategies driven by consumers and competitors, but other important economic variables as well. A market characterized by monopolistic competition leaves companies more or less a monopolistic power advantage for every company has the freedomRead MoreCase Study Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (a) Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesin assigning Silvio as general manager of India? I do not believe Schindler made the right choice in assigning Silvio as the general manager of India. Silvio had little to no real world international experience. Silvio had much success in Sweden but there are several factors that limited his success in India. Silvio had high warrior and low monk attributes. Silvio was a task oriented individual. This management style is not well received in India. The General Manager needed to be a personRead MoreTechnical Evaluations and Competitive Pricing1467 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluations help to ensure the integrity of the contract bid process as well as the achievement of optimal efficiency, thereby resulting in fair and equitable outcomes (Levin-Waldman, 2000). b. The factors used to determine the competitive range. Some general factors that can be used to determine the competitive range of bids for this project include the following: Evidence of direct head-to-head competition between the seller and competing unaffiliated suppliers in either a formal solicitation or inRead MoreGibson Insurance Company1342 Words   |  6 Pagesreal cost by support activities. Moreover, when the sales volume had increased, the profitability declined. The managers are considered the prices are set improper or costs are out of control. Management is looking for a better solution for solving pricing and support costs allocation. Therefore, the controller of Gibson, Rebecca Hampton, is asked to investigate these issues and has to figure out a better strategy for improving cost allocations. However, Hampton is an experienced controller and contributesRead MoreDynamic Pricing Strategies1127 Words   |  5 Pages Pricing is an important factor that determines retailers profitability. Among many success stories, the airline industry is regarded as one prominent example in which pricing optimization techniques have successfully resulted in increased revenues \citep{Phillips:05}. Other examples include electricity pricing, hotels and rental cars, etc. According to \cite{Sullivan:05}, companies that employ price optimization technique were able to raise their gross margin ranging from one percent to three percent

Mothers Who Kill Their Children

The nation is always shocked by criminal cases such as that of Andrea Yates, a Texas mother of five who in June 2001 methodically drowned her children in a bathtub and then calmly called the police to report it, but mothers killing their children is a more common crime than you might think. According to the American Anthropological Association, more than 200 women kill their children in the United States each year. Three to five children a day are killed by their parents. Homicide is one of the leading causes of death of children under age 4, yet we continue to persist with the unrealistic view that this is rare behavior, said Jill Korbin, an expert on child abuse who has studied at length the stories of mothers who killed their children. Nancy Scheper-Hughes, a medical anthropologist, said society should understand that all women arent natural mothers: We should detach from the idea of universal motherhood as natural and see it as a social response. Theres a collective denial even when mothers come right out and say, I really shouldnt be trusted with my kids. Three major factors often play a role when mothers kill their children: postpartum psychosis, psychotic breakdowns brought on by factors such as jealousy and abandonment, and domestic violence. Postpartum Depression and Psychosis Postpartum depression is a common problem that can occur within four weeks of the birth of a baby. It can affect both mothers and fathers, although only a small percentage of fathers experience it. Common symptoms include depression, feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, fear, guilt, the inability to bond with the new baby, and a feeling of worthlessness. If left untreated, it can lead to postpartum psychosis, which is much more severe and dangerous. Symptoms include extreme insomnia, obsessive behavior, and auditory hallucinations where voices instruct the mother to commit suicide or to mutilate and/or murder her child or children. Often the mother believes such acts will save the child from a life of misery. Yates was suffering from extreme postpartum depression and was found not guilty of murder by reason of  insanity. She was sent to Kerrville State Hospital in Kerrville, Texas, for an indefinite stay. Psychotic Breakdowns In some cases, children are murdered as a result of the mother experiencing a psychotic breakdown brought on by intense feelings of abandonment and jealousy in cases where the father of the children has left the home. In some cases, the need to seek revenge overtakes reason. Diane Downs, convicted of murder after shooting her three children, one of whom died, in May 1983, was diagnosed as psychotic but was sentenced to life in prison. Other Women Who Killed Their Children A look at 11 other women convicted of murdering their children shows that such acts are not as rare as we would like to believe. Here are their names, crimes, and locations where they are serving as of October 2019 unless otherwise noted: Kenisha Berry at age 20 covered her 4-day-old son with duct tape, resulting in his death in Jefferson County, Texas, in November 1998. She is serving in Murray state prison in Gatesville, Texas.Patricia Blackmon was 29 when she killed her 2-year-old adopted daughter in Dothan, Alabama, in May 1999. The cause of death was determined to be multiple blunt-force injuries. She is on death row in Tutwiler Prison for Women in Wetumpka, Alabama.Dora Luz Buenrostro stabbed to death her two daughters, ages 4 and 9, and her son, age 8, when she was 34 years old in San Jacinto, California, in October 1994. She is being held in the Central California Womens Facility in Chowchilla.Socorro Caro was 42 when she fatally shot her three sons, ages 5, 8, and 11, in Santa Rosa Valley, California, in November 1999. She is on death row in the Central California Women’s Facility.Susan Eubanks fatally shot her four sons, ages 4, 6, 7, and 14, in San Marcos, California, in October 1997, when she was 33 . She is on death row in the Central California Women’s Facility.Teresa Michelle Lewis killed her 51-year-old husband and 26-year-old stepson in Keeling, Virginia, in a murder-for-hire plot in October 2002, when she was 33. She was executed in September 2010 at Greensville Correctional Center in Jarratt, Virginia.Frances Elaine Newton was 21 when she fatally shot her husband, 7-year-old son, and 2-year-old daughter in Houston, Texas, in April 1987. She was executed in September 2005.Darlie Lynn Routier was 26 when she was convicted of fatally stabbing her 5-year-old son in June 1996 in Rowlett, Texas. She is on death row in Mountain View state prison in Gatesville, Texas.Robin Lee Row was 35 when she asphyxiated her husband, 10-year-old son, and 8-year-old daughter in Boise, Idaho, in February 1992. She is on death row in the Pocatello Womans Correctional Center in Pocatello, Idaho.Michelle Sue Tharp was 29 and lived in Burgettstown, Pennsylvania, when she starved her 7-year- old daughter to death in April 1998. She is in the Muncy state prison in Muncy, Pennsylvania.Caroline Young was 49 when she killed her 4-year-old granddaughter and 6-year-old grandson, for whom she had been granted custody, in Haywood, California, in June 1993. She died of kidney failure at the Central California Womens Facility in September 2005. Korbin said that people who know parents who end up killing their children usually see clues that something is wrong with the parents but dont know how to deal with the information: Prior to a homicide, lots of laypeople know these men and women are having difficulty parenting. The public has to be better educated in recognizing how to intervene and how to support child abuse prevention.

Examine the Factors That Determine the Price of Oil in the...

An Economic Analysis of the Current Oil Market amp; Prices PREPARED BY: Teoh Chern Shi ID NO: B0075JMJM1112 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- SEMESTER: Semester one LECTURER: Ellie Semsar DATE: 20th February 2012 ------------------------------------------------- * * Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 1 Objective 3 2 Introduction 4 3 Analyze Current prices of oil 5 4 Factors determine the price of oil 7 4.1 Demand and Supply 7 4.2 Exchange Rate 9 4.3 Location 9 4.4 Government policies affect oil prices 9 5 Factors that Determine Market Oil Demand 10 5.1 The price of the main product 10 5.2 The price of†¦show more content†¦(Worldoils, 2012) Figure 3 Historical Oil Prices Chart for 10 Years From the chart above, we can see that the price of oil increasing from 2002 to 2008, and face a dramatically drop in 2008, and face an increasing trend onwards. The drop in 2008 due to the slow economic growth and reduce the consumption of oil around the world. Factors determine the price of oil There are variety factors determine the price of oil, it’s including quantity of demand, stability of supply, currency exchange rate, location and government policies. Demand and Supply P Price of oil (USD) Q Quantity (Gallon) Oil Market Supply Curve Demand Curve Q1 P1 Figure 4: Demand and Supply curve The main factor that affects the price of oil in the market is supplies and demands. â€Å"An Oil market is like a global auction, the highest bidder will win the supply. When the demand is high and the supply is low, the bidder needs to pay higher price to buy the oil; when the supply is abundant over the current demand level, the bidder will wait and purchase at the lowest price as possible.† (Khodorkovsky) Besides, due to the rapid economic expansion in some country like China, Brazil, Russia and India, the demand for oil product is increased dramatically. â€Å"Global oil consumption grew by a below-average 0.7% per day.† (BP, 2012) This lead the price of oil grows up every year. 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Clinical Chemistry In Medicine Essay Example For Students

Clinical Chemistry In Medicine Essay Of the diagnostic methods available to veterinarians, the clinicalchemistry test has developed into a valuable aid for localizing pathologicconditions. This test is actually a collection of specially selected individualtests. With just a small amount of whole blood or serum, many bodysystems can be analyzed. Some of the more common screenings giveinformation about the function of the kidneys, liver, and pancreas andabout muscle and bone disease. There are many blood chemistry testsavailable to doctors. This paper covers the some of the more commontests. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is an end-product of protein metabolism. Likemost of the other molecules in the body, amino acids are constantlyrenewed. In the course of this turnover, they may undergo deamination,the removal of the amino group. Deamination, which takes placeprincipally in the liver, results in the formation of ammonia. In the liver,the ammonia is quickly converted to urea, which is relatively nontoxic,and is then released into the bloodstream. In the blood, it is readilyremoved through the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Any disease orcondition that reduces glomerular filtration or increases proteincatabolism results in elevated BUN levels. Creatinine is another indicator of kidney function. Creatinine is a wasteproduct derived from creatine. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus andblood levels are useful for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Muscletissue contains phosphocreatinine which is converted to creatinine by anonenzymatic process. This spontaneous degradation occurs at a ratherconsistent rate (Merck, 1991). Causes of increases of both BUN and creatinine can be divided into threemajor categories: prerenal, renal, and postrenal. Prerenal causes includeheart disease, hypoadrenocorticism and shock. Postrenal causes includeurethral obstruction or lacerations of the ureter, bladder, or urethra. Truerenal disease from glomerular, tubular, or interstitial dysfunction raisesBUN and creatin ine levels when over 70% of the nephrons becomenonfunctional (Sodikoff, 1995). Glucose is a primary energy source for living organisms. The glucoselevel in blood is normally controlled to within narrow limits. Inadequateor excessive amounts of glucose or the inability to metabolize glucosecan affect nearly every system in the body. Low blood glucose levels(hypoglycemia) may be caused by pancreatic tumors (over-production ofinsulin), starvation, hypoadrenocorticism, hypopituitarism, and severeexertion. Elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) can occur indiabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism,hyperpituitarism, anoxia (because of the instability of liver glycogen inoxygen deficiency), certain physiologic conditions (exposure to cold,digestion) and pancreatic necrosis (because the pancreas produces insulinwhich controls blood glucose levels). Diabetes mellitus is caused by a deficiency in the secretion or action of insulin. During periods of low blood glucose, gl ucagonstimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen and inhibits glucosebreakdown by glycolysis in the liver and stimulates glucose synthesis bygluconeogenesis. This increases blood glucose. When glucose enters thebloodstream from the intestine after a carbohydrate-rich meal, theresulting increase in blood glucose causes increased insulin secretion anddecreased glucagon secretion. Insulin stimulates glucose uptake bymuscle tissue where glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate. Insulinalso activates glycogen synthase so that much of theglucose-6-phosphate is converted to glycogen. It also stimulates thestorage of excess fuels as fat (Lehninger, 1993). With insufficient insulin, glucose is not used by the tissues andaccumulates in the blood. The accumulated glucose then spills into theurine. Additional amounts of water are retained in urine because of theaccumulation of glucose and polyuria (excessive urination) results. Inorder to prevent dehydration, more water than normal is consum ed(polydipsia). In the absence of insulin, fatty acids released form adiposetissue are converted to ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid, B-hydroxybutyricacid, and acetone). Although ketone bodies can be used a energysources, insulin deficiency impairs the ability of tissues to use ketonebodies, which accumulate in the blood. Because they are acids, ketonesmay exhaust the ability of the body to maintain normal pH. Ketones areexcreted by the kidneys, drawing water with them into the urine. Ketonesare also negatively charged and draw positively charged ions (sodium,potassium, calcium) with them into urine. Some other results of diabetesmellitus are cataracts (because of abnormal glucose metabolism in thelens which results in the accumulation of water), abnormal neutrophilfunction (resulting in greater susceptibility to infection), and an enlargedliver (due to fat accumulation) (Fraser, 1991). Bilirubin is a bile pigment derived from the breakdown of heme by thereticuloendothelial system. T he reticuloendothelial system filters out anddestroys spent red blood cells yielding a free iron molecule andultimately, bilirubin. Bilirubin binds to serum albumin, which restricts itfrom urinary excretion, and is transported to the liver. In the liver,bilirubin is changed into bilirubin diglucuronide, which is sufficientlywater soluble to be secreted with other components of bile into the smallintestine. Impaired liver function or blocked bile secretion causesbilirubin to leak into the blood, resulting in a yellowing of the skin andeyeballs (jaundice). Determination of bilirubin concentration in the bloodis useful in diagnosing liver disease (Lehninger, 1993). Increasedbilirubin can also be caused by hemolysis, bile duct obstruction, fever,and starvation (Bistner, 1995). Two important serum lipids are cholesterol and triglycerides. Cholesterolis a precursor to bile salts and steroid hormones. The principle bile salts,taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid, are important in the dige stion offood and the solubilization of ingested fats. The desmolase reactionconverts cholesterol, in mitochondria, to pregnenolone which istransported to the endoplasmic reticulum and converted to progesterone. This is the precursor to all other steroid hormones (Garrett, 1995). Triglycerides are the main form in which lipids are stored and are thepredominant type of dietary lipid. They are stored in specialized cellscalled adipocytes (fat cells) under the skin, in the abdominal cavity, andin the mammary glands. As stored fuels, triglycerides have an advantageover polysaccharides because they are unhydrated and lack the extrawater weight of polysaccharides. Also, because the carbon atoms aremore reduced than those of sugars, oxidation of triglycerides yields morethan twice as much energy, gram for gram, as that of carbohydrates(Lehninger, 1993). Hyperlipidemia refers to an abnormally high concentration of triglycerideand/or cholesterol in the blood. Primary hyperlipidemia is an inheriteddisorder of lipid metabolism. Secondary hyperlipidemias are usuallyassociated with pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, proteinlosing glomerulonephropathies, glucocorticosteroid administration, a nd avariety of liver abnormalities. Hypolipidemia is almost always a result ofmalnutrition (Barrie, 1995). Alkaline phosphatase is present in high concentration in bone and liver. Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay ThesisThe ionized forms of calcium are biologically active. If the circulatinglevel falls, the bones are used as a source of calcium. Primary control of blood calcium is dependent on parathyroid hormone,calcitonin, and the presence of vitamin D. Parathyroid hormonemaintains blood calcium level by increasing its absorption in theintestines from food and reducing its excretion by the kidneys. Parathyroid hormone also stimulates the release of calcium into theblood stream from the bones. Hyperparathyroidism, caused by tumors ofthe parathyroid, causes the bones to lose too much calcium and becomesoft and fragile. Calcitonin produces a hypocalcemic effect by inhibitingthe effect of parathyroid hormone and preventing calcium from leavingbones. Vitamin D stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption in thesmall intestine and increases calcium and phosphate utilization frombone. Hypercalcemia may be caused by abnormal calcium/phosphorusratio, hyperparathyroidism, hypervitaminosis D, and hyperproteinemia. Hypocalcemia may be caused by hypoproteinemia, renal failure, orpancreatitis (Bistner, 1995). Because approximately 98 percent of the total body potassium is found atthe intracellular level, potassium is the major intracellular cation. Thiscation is filtered by the glomeruli in the kidneys and nearly completelyreabsorbed by the proximal tubules. It is then excreted by the distaltubules. There is no renal threshold for potassium and it continues to beexcreted in the urine even in low potassium states. Therefore, the bodyhas no mechanism to prevent excessive loss of potassium(Schmidt-Nielsen, 1995). Potassium plays a critical role in maintaining the normal cellular andmuscular function. Any imbalance of the bodys potassium level,increased or decreased, may result in neuromuscular dysfunction,especially in the heart muscle. Serious, and sometimes fatal, arrythmiasmay develop. A low serum potassium level, hypokalemia, occurs withmajor fluid loss in gastrointestinal disorders (i.e., vomit ing, diarrhea),renal disease, diuretic therapy, diabetes mellitus, or mineralocorticoiddysfunction (i.e., Cushings disease). An increased serum potassiumlevel, hyperkalemia, occurs most often in urinary obstruction, anuria, oracute renal disease (Bistner, 1995). Sodium and its related anions (i.e., chloride and bicarbonate) areprimarily responsible for the osmotic attraction and retention of water inthe extracellular fluid compartments. The endothelial membrane is freelypermeable to these small electrolytes. Sodium is the most abundantextracellular cation, however, very little is present intracellularly. Themain functions of sodium in the body include maintenance of membranepotentials and initiation of action potentials in excitable membranes. Thesodium concentration also largely determines the extracellular osmolarityand volume. The differential concentration of sodium is the principalforce for the movement of water across cellular membranes. In addition,sodium is involved in the a bsorption of glucose and some amino acidsfrom the gastrointestinal tract (Lehninger, 1993). Sodium is ingestedwith food and water, and is lost from the body in urine, feces, and sweat. Most sodium secreted into the GI tract is reabsorbed. The excretion ofsodium is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(Schmidt-Nielsen, 1995). Decreased serum sodium levels, hyponatremia, can be seen in adrenalinsufficiency, inadequate sodium intake, renal insufficiency, vomiting ordiarrhea, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Hypernatremia may occur indehydration, water deficit, hyperadrenocorticism, and central nervoussystem trauma or disease (Bistner, 1995). Chloride is the major extracellular anion. Chloride and bicarbonate ionsare important in the maintenance of acid-base balance. When chloride inthe form of hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride is lost, alkalosisfollows; when chloride is retained or ingested, acidosis follows. Elevatedserum chloride levels, hyperchloremia, can be seen in renal disease,dehydration, overtreatment with saline solution, and carbon dioxidedeficit (as occurs from hyperventilation). Decreased serum chloridelevels, hypochloremia, can be seen in diarrhea and vomiting, renaldisease, overtreatment with certain diuretics, diabetic acidosis,hypoventilation (as occurs in pneumonia or emphysema), and adrenalinsufficiency (de Morais, 1995). As seen above, one to two milliliters of blood can give a clinician a greatinsight to the way an animals systems are functioning. With many moretests available and being developed every day, diagnosis becomes lessinvasive to the patient. The more information that is made available tothe doctor allows a faster diagnosis and recovery for the patient. BibliographyBibliography Barrie, Joan and Timothy D. G. Watson. ?Hyperlipidemia.? Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Ed. John Bonagura. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1995. Bistner, Stephen l. Kirk and Bistners Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1995. de Morais, HSA and William W. Muir. ?Strong Ions and Acid-Base Disorders.? Current Veterinary Therapy XII. Ed. John Bonagura. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1995. Fraser, Clarence M., ed. The Merck Veterinary Manual, Seventh Edition. Rahway, N. J.: Merck Co., 1991. Garrett, Reginald H. and Charles Grisham. Biochemistry. Fort Worth: Saunders College Publishing, 1995. Lehninger, Albert, David Nelson and Michael Cox. Principles of Biochemistry. New York: Worth Publishers, 1993. Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut. Animal Physiology: Adaptation and environment. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Sodikoff, Charles. Labratory Profiles of Small Animal Diseases. Santa Barbara: American Veterinary Publications, 1995. Science